A serial dilution is any dilution in which the concentration decreases by the same factor in each successive step. In serial dilutions, you multiply the dilution factors for each step. The dilution factor or the dilution is the initial volume divided by the final volume. #DF = V_i/V_f# For example, if you add a 1 mL sample to 9 mL of diluent to get 10 mL of solution, #DF = V_i/V_f# = #(1'mL')/(10'mL') = 1/10#.

'Simple Dilution Calculator' allows you to do simple calculations for liquid dilution. You can use this tool to figure out how much water you need to dilute your pesticide, herbicide or juice. With Simple Dilution Calculator, you can now quickly calculate the amount you need using the amount of the stock solution, water, or diluted solution.

This is a 1:10 dilution. Example 1 What is the dilution factor if you add 0.2 mL of a stock solution to 3.8 mL of diluent? #V_f# = 0.2 mL + 3.8 mL = 4.0 mL #DF = V_i/V_f# = #(0.2'mL')/(4.0'mL') = 1/20#. This is a 1:20 dilution. Example 2 If you did the above dilution four times, what would be the final dilution factor? Solution 2 Remember that serial dilutions are always made by taking a set quantity of the initial dilution and adding it successively to tubes with the same volume.

So you multiply each successive dilution by the dilution factor. You would transfer 0.2 mL from Tube 1 to 3.8 mL of diluent in Tube 2 and mix. Then transfer 0.2 mL from Tube 2 to 3.8 mL of diluent in Tube 3 and mix. Repeat the process until you have four tubes. The dilution factor after four dilutions is #DF = 1/20 × 1/20 × 1/20 × 1/20 = 1/160000# = 1:160 000 If the concentration of the original stock solution was 100 µg/µL, the concentration in Tube 4 would be 100 µg/µL × #1/160000# = 6.25 × 10⁻⁴ µg/µL Hope this helps.

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Resource Materials: Making Simple Solutions and Dilutions 1. Simple Dilution (Dilution Factor Method based on ratios) A simple dilution is one in which a unit volume of a liquid material of interest is combined with an appropriate volume of a solvent liquid to achieve the desired concentration.

The dilution factor is the total number of unit volumes in which your material will be dissolved. The diluted material must then be thoroughly mixed to achieve the true dilution. For example, a 1:5 dilution (verbalize as '1 to 5' dilution) entails combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) + 4 unit volumes of the solvent medium (hence, 1 + 4 = 5 = dilution factor). The dilution factor is frequently expressed using exponents: 1:5 would be 5e-1; 1:100 would be 10e-2, and so on. Example 1: Frozen orange juice concentrate is usually diluted with 4 additional cans of cold water (the dilution solvent) giving a dilution factor of 5, i.e., the orange concentrate represents one unit volume to which you have added 4 more cans (same unit volumes) of water.

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So the orange concentrate is now distributed through 5 unit volumes. This would be called a 1:5 dilution, and the OJ is now 1/5 as concentrated as it was originally. So, in a simple dilution, add one less unit volume of solvent than the desired dilution factor value. Example 2: Suppose you must prepare 400 ml of a disinfectant that requires 1:8 dilution from a concentrated stock solution with water. Divide the volume needed by the dilution factor (400 ml / 8 = 50 ml) to determine the unit volume. The dilution is then done as 50 ml concentrated disinfectant + 350 ml water.

Serial Dilution A serial dilution is simply a series of simple dilutions which amplifies the dilution factor quickly beginning with a small initial quantity of material (i.e., bacterial culture, a chemical, orange juice, etc.). The source of dilution material (solute) for each step comes from the diluted material of the previous dilution step. In a serial dilution the total dilution factor at any point is the product of the individual dilution factors in each step leading up to it. Final dilution factor (DF) = DF 1 * DF 2 * DF 3 etc. Example: In a typical microbiology exercise the students perform a three step 1:100 serial dilution of a bacterial culture (see figure below) in the process of quantifying the number of viable bacteria in a culture (see figure below).

Each step in this example uses a 1 ml total volume. The initial step combines 1 unit volume of bacterial culture (10 ul) with 99 unit volumes of broth (990 ul) = 1:100 dilution.