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This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: – ( August 2014) () Card sharing, also known as control word sharing, is a method of allowing multiple clients or digital television receivers to access a subscription television network with only one valid subscription card. This is achieved by electronically sharing a part of the legitimate smart card's output data, enabling all recipients to gain simultaneous access to scrambled streams, held on the encrypted television network. Typically, a legitimate smart card is attached to a host digital television receiver, which is equipped with software to share the decrypted 64-bit 'control word' key over a computer network, such as the.

Once a client receives this key, they can decrypt the encrypted content as though they were using their own subscription card. Contents • • • • • • • • • Basic operation [ ] The security of conditional access technology is limited by the security of the standard in which it operates. The standard practice of a legitimate smart card is to decrypt an ECM (Entitlement Control Message), which then provides the control word, which allows the viewing of scrambled material. With card sharing, however, the smart card and its security features are bypassed; software intercepts the decrypted control word and allows the user to share it across a computer network. Pirate decryption [ ] Card sharing has established itself as popular method of. Much of the development of card sharing hardware and software has taken place in, where national boundaries mean that home users are able to receive signals from many countries but are unable to legally subscribe to them due to licensing restrictions on broadcasters.

Because the length of the complete control word is so small (64 ), delivery of the control words to many different clients is easily possible on a home internet connection. This has sparked the creation of sharing network groups, in which users can access the group by sharing their subscription cards with the group, and in turn, being capable of receiving the channels which all users' cards can decrypt, as though the user owned every single subscription card connected to the network. Other networks have also been created, whereby one has multiple legitimate subscription cards connected to it. Access to this server is then restricted to those who pay the server's owner their own subscription fee. Multiple receiver use [ ] An arguably legitimate use for card sharing is the sharing of the control word within a home network, where the subscriber is authorised by the subscription television network to decrypt their signal, using one smart card. Content providers usually provide means for viewing channels on a second smart card, provided at extra cost.

An example of this is Multiroom, used in the. However, in some cases the contract between the subscriber and the content provider implicitly or explicitly prohibits this kind of card sharing. Countermeasures [ ] Card sharing is a particular concern to conditional access providers, and their respective pay-TV companies, as well as the DVB consortium.

Card sharing utilises the integral scrambling system of the DVB standard,, meaning that every provider of scrambled content has potential to be affected by it. In response, several counter measures have been implemented by various parties, with the aim of permanently preventing it. Technical [ ] One technical method, implemented by providers such as Irdeto and, is to update the software of digital receivers provided by the subscription television service. This software implements a further decryption layer, held within the receiver. Rather than sending a plain text control word from the smart card to the receiver's microprocessor, which can be intercepted, the decrypted ECM will in fact be an encrypted control word, which can only be decrypted by a legitimate, non card sharing capable, receiver. A simpler method, used by several providers, is to simply increase the frequency of control word changes.